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Razakars (Pakistan)
The Razakar ((ベンガル語:রাজাকার); , literally "volunteer") was a paramilitary force organized by the Pakistan Army in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
Since the 1971 war, it has become a pejorative term in Bangladesh due to the many suspected acts of violence which the Razakars committed and/or facilitated during the war. The Razakar force was composed of mostly pro-Pakistan Bengalis and Urdu-speaking migrants who lived in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) at the time.〔A. R. Siddiqui, ''East Pakistan - the Endgame: An Onlooker's Journal 1969-1971,'' Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 171.〕 At the present time, in Bangladesh, razakar means all pro-Pakistani Bangladeshis who helped the Pakistan army and tried to prevent the independence of Bangladesh.
==Creation==
The East Pakistan Razakar Ordinance promulgated on 1 June 1971 by the Governor of East Pakistan, Lieutenant General Tikka Khan.〔''The Dacca Gazette Extraordinary,'' 2 August 1971. Available at http://www.icsforum.org/library/files/420_GovernmentofEastPakistan1971.pdf〕 The Ordinance stipulated the creation of a voluntary force to be trained and equipped by the Provincial Government. This was to add to the government's forces to suppress the rebellion of people who wanted independence for the region. It is also alleged that Razakars were recruited by the Shanti Committee, which was formed by several pro-Pakistani leaders including Nurul Amin, Ghulam Azam and Khwaja Khairuddin.〔''The Wall Street Journal'', July 27, 1971; quoted in the book ''Muldhara 71'' by Moidul Hasan〕 The first recruits included 96 Jamaat party members, who started training in an Ansar camp at Shahjahan Ali Road, Khulna.
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